Math Object
The JavaScript Math object is a built-in, static object that provides mathematical constants (properties) and methods for performing calculations like arithmetic, trigonometry, logarithms, and random number generation. Unlike the Number object, Math is not a constructor (you don’t use new Math()), and all its properties and methods are accessed directly via Math.<property> or Math.<method>().
Math Object Properties
These are static constants representing fundamental mathematical values, all in double-precision floating-point format.
Math.E: Base of natural logarithms (Euler’s number). Useful for exponential growth and decay calculations.
Example:
console.log(Math.E); // 2.718281828459045
Math.LN2: Natural logarithm of 2. Often used in logarithmic calculations.
Example:
console.log(Math.LN2); // 0.6931471805599453
Math.LN10: Natural logarithm of 10. Useful in scientific and engineering calculations.
Example:
console.log(Math.LN10); // 2.302585092994046
Math.LOG2E: Base-2 logarithm of Math.E. Helps in calculations involving powers of 2.
Example:
console.log(Math.LOG2E); // 1.4426950408889634
Math.LOG10E: Base-10 logarithm of Math.E. Useful in base-10 logarithmic conversions.
Example:
console.log(Math.LOG10E); // 0.4342944819032518
Math.PI: The constant π (pi), used in geometry, circles, and trigonometry.
Example:
console.log(Math.PI); // 3.141592653589793
let radius = 5;
console.log(2 * Math.PI * radius); // Circumference → 31.41592653589793
Math.SQRT1_2: Square root of 1/2 (~0.707). Useful in normalized vector calculations.
Example:
console.log(Math.SQRT1_2); // 0.7071067811865476
Math.SQRT2: Square root of 2 (~1.414). Common in geometry and diagonal calculations.
Example:
console.log(Math.SQRT2); // 1.4142135623730951
Summary Table
| Name | Description | Approximate Value |
|---|---|---|
| Math.E | Base of natural logarithms (e) | 2.718281828459045 |
| Math.LN2 | Natural logarithm of 2 | 0.6931471805599453 |
| Math.LN10 | Natural logarithm of 10 | 2.302585092994046 |
| Math.LOG2E | Base-2 logarithm of Math.E | 1.4426950408889634 |
| Math.LOG10E | Base-10 logarithm of Math.E | 0.4342944819032518 |
| Math.PI | The constant π (pi) | 3.141592653589793 |
| Math.SQRT1_2 | Square root of 1/2 | 0.7071067811865476 |
| Math.SQRT2 | Square root of 2 | 1.4142135623730951Math Object Methods |