Command-line Arguments in Java (As Arrays)

In Java, command-line arguments are parameters passed to a program when it is run from the terminal or command prompt. These arguments are received as an array of Strings in the main method.

Syntax

public class MyClass {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // args is a String array containing command-line arguments
    }
}

• args is a String array (String[]).
• Each element of the array corresponds to a command-line argument.
• args.length gives the number of arguments passed.

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Example 1 – Printing Command-line Arguments

public class CommandLineArgsExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Number of arguments: " + args.length);

        for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
            System.out.println("Argument " + i + ": " + args[i]);
        }
    }
}

Run Example

java CommandLineArgsExample Java 123 Hello

Output

Number of arguments: 3
Argument 0: Java
Argument 1: 123
Argument 2: Hello

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Accessing Arguments

• args[0] → first argument
• args[1] → second argument
• And so on…

Note: Accessing an index not passed will throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

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Converting Arguments to Other Types

Since command-line arguments are Strings, you often need to convert them to numbers or other types.

Example – Convert String to Integer

public class ArgsConversion {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        if(args.length > 0) {
            int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); // Convert first argument to int
            System.out.println("Square: " + (num * num));
        } else {
            System.out.println("No arguments passed!");
        }
    }
}

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Example – Sum of Numbers from Command-line Arguments

public class SumArgs {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int sum = 0;

        for(String arg : args) {
            sum += Integer.parseInt(arg); // Convert each argument to int
        }

        System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
    }
}

Run Example

java SumArgs 10 20 30

Output

Sum: 60

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Points to Remember

• Command-line arguments are always passed as String arrays (String[] args).
• Use args.length to check number of arguments.
• Convert arguments to numeric types using:
  • Integer.parseInt()
  • Double.parseDouble()
  • Float.parseFloat() etc.
• Can pass numbers, words, file paths, or configuration values.
• If no arguments are passed, args.length will be 0.
• Useful for dynamic input, automation scripts, file processing, and configuration settings.