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If you’re learning JavaScript, you’ve probably heard terms like functions, objects, classes, constructors, inheritance, and prototypes being thrown around. But what do they really mean? And why are they so important in JavaScript? In this blog, we’ll break down these concepts step by step, with clear explanations, examples, comparisons, and diagrams. By the end, you’ll have a solid understanding of how these features work together — and why they are the backbone of modern JavaScript.